Quentin Septer is a freelance science journalist based in Bogotá, Colombia. His writing has appeared in The Gazette, The Boulder Weekly, the Earth Island Journal, and Scientific American. He is also the author of Where Land Becomes Sky: Life and Death Along the Colorado Trail.
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Sign up for our skywatching newsletter and explore the universe with us!may have had unexpected benefits in the Arctic: A new study shows that it diminished storms fueled by aerosols and, in turn, reduced sea ice loss. However, at the same time, this huge drop in aerosols may have accelerated global warming, experts say., a senior researcher at the CICERO Centre for International Climate Research in Norway, told Live Science."This pollution temporarily slowed global warming and gave the rest of us a bit more time to adapt to a warmer climate. What is happening now is that we're seeing the full effects of greenhouse-gas-driven warming, which we would sooner or later have to face anyway." In late January 2019, wind patterns over the North Pacific shifted, and a series of five powerful cyclones swept into the Bering Sea in rapid succession. Each one drove warm southerly winds across the ice, breaking it apart and pushing it northward. Air temperatures across the northern Bering Sea ran 21.6 to 28.8 degrees Fahrenheit above normal. By early March, ice cover had shrunk by 82%. This represented a retreat of about 154,440 square miles — theChina's emissions are flatlining — and may be falling — in critical turning point for biggest emitter, report says 'It's telling us there's something big going on': Unprecedented spike in atmospheric methane during the COVID-19 pandemic has a troubling explanation Scientists have long known that cyclones can devastate Arctic sea ice. What they've been less sure about is what sends those storms there in the first place., offers an unexpected answer: From 2000 to 2014, smog billowing from Chinese smokestacks may have been steering winter storms northward across the North Pacific, funneling more of them into the Arctic and destroying ice in the Bering Sea. To understand how soot and sulfate particles over Shanghai could influence ice off the coast of Alaska, it helps to think about what happens inside a storm. Every mid-latitude cyclone — the swirling, comma-shaped systems that generate much of the Northern Hemisphere's winter weather — runs on a kind of heat engine. Warm, moist air evaporates near the ocean surface, rises and condenses into clouds, releasing heat that fuels the storm's circulation. Aerosols — the tiny particles that make up industrial haze — disrupt this engine in a subtle-but-consequential way. Water vapor normally condenses around a relatively small number of particles, forming large droplets that fall quickly as rain on the storm's southern flank. If the air is full of aerosols, however, each particle becomes a seed for a cloud droplet. The result is a vast number of smaller droplets that don't readily coalesce into raindrops. Rainfall on the storm’s southern flank is suppressed, and moisture travels farther along the storm's conveyor belt toward its northeastern flank, where it releases its heat — in exactly the right place to nudge the whole system poleward.Get the world’s most fascinating discoveries delivered straight to your inbox., a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, and colleagues combined four decades of observational data with climate model simulations to examine how aerosol levels over East Asia influenced winter cyclone tracks across the North Pacific. Comparing 14 years of elevated aerosol loading between 2000 and 2014 against 15 lower-aerosol years from the preceding decades, the researchers found that cyclone tracks shifted northward by up to 1.23 degrees by the time the storms dissipated — enough to nearly double the number of cyclones crossing into the Arctic. The maps above show simulated storm tracks and wind speeds of nine Arctic cyclones. The left image represents simulated storm tracks as they hit the Arctic in the past decade. The right image shows how the cyclones are projected to respond to climate change by the end of the century.Alex Crawford , an Arctic climate scientist at the University of Manitoba who studies cyclone-sea ice interactions but was not involved in the study."They've done a really good job of demonstrating the mechanism by which aerosols can impact extratropical cyclones." When these storms arrive in the Bering Sea, their effects can be dramatic. A cyclone's counterclockwise winds shove ice back toward the Chukchi Sea, between Alaska and Russia. Waves break ice floes apart. Southerly gales bring warmer air that can, even in the depths of winter, tip temperatures above freezing, as happened so acutely in 2019. Trump is bringing car pollution and other greenhouse gases back to America's skies. Here are the health risks we all face from climate change. Antarctica could warm 1.4 times faster than the rest of the Southern Hemisphere in the coming decades, study finds, launched in 2013, has proved to be one of the most effective environmental interventions in history, slashing the country's sulfate aerosol emissions by roughly 75% in about a decade. The study suggests this reduction"could potentially mitigate the poleward migration of the storm track driven by global warming" — sparing the Arctic some of the damage from extratropical cyclones.by reflecting solar radiation back into space and by making clouds brighter. As they disappear, their cooling effects vanish too, thereby unmasking decades of suppressed greenhouse gas warming. Aled by Samset, who was not involved in the new study, found that East Asian aerosol reductions have measurably accelerated global warming. Huge ice dome in Greenland vanished 7,000 years ago — melting at temperatures we're racing toward today The same aerosol reductions that may ease the cyclone-driven pressure on the Bering Sea are simultaneously unmasking the full effects of global warming., an atmospheric scientist at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and a co-author on Samset’s 2025 study, thinks the warming effect will win out."Unmasking warming will probably dominate, as it is more persistent and can occur during all seasons, while the storm-track changes are probably more episodic,” he told Live Science. Westervelt said the study indicates that aerosols exert a greater and more complicated influence on Earth's climate than previously appreciated."The speed of the aerosol reductions in East Asia is underappreciated," he said."Emissions decreases that took three decades in North America and Europe are taking one decade in East Asia. What impact this has on cyclones and Arctic warming is going to be really interesting to study, and critical for climate mitigation and adaptation."Cao, D., Xu, D., Lin, Y., Deng, Y., Chen, X., Zhang, Q., Gao, M., & Zhang, X. . Anthropogenic aerosols can shape the winter mid-latitude cyclone tracks. Quentin Septer is a freelance science journalist based in Bogotá, Colombia. His writing has appeared in The Gazette, The Boulder Weekly, the Earth Island Journal, and Scientific American. He is also the author of Where Land Becomes Sky: Life and Death Along the Colorado Trail.Climate change 'It's telling us there's something big going on': Unprecedented spike in atmospheric methane during the COVID-19 pandemic has a troubling explanationTrump is bringing car pollution and other greenhouse gases back to America's skies. Here are the health risks we all face from climate change.Iran war has already released a staggering amount of CO2 — and the destruction of schools, homes and buildings is the biggest source'The warming trend nearly doubled after 2014': The rate of global warming has accelerated more in the past decade than ever beforePlanting trees in the sea could act as a huge carbon sink and save millions of dollars in storm damage every year. What is stopping us from doing it?Quantum computers need just 10,000 qubits — not the millions we assumed — to break the world's most secure encryption algorithmsSnag this Paramount+ deal and get a bird's-eye view of the world with these amazing documentaries — but be quick, it ends today! Quantum computers need just 10,000 qubits — not the millions we assumed — to break the world's most secure encryption algorithms
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