US blood donor study finds nearly half of population exhibits hybrid immunity to COVID-19 NOVID COVID19 SARSCoV2 HybridImmunity Infection Vaccination PublicHealth BloodDonor CDCMMWR
By Neha MathurJun 4 2023 In a recent Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report , researchers estimated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 seroprevalence in the United States blood donors between April 2021 and September 2022. They also estimated the incidence of primary infections during the same period stratified by coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination status.
Background From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic to the end of 2022, changes in COVID-19 testing behaviors and test result reporting requirements have hindered authorities from estimating the U.S. SARS-CoV-2 primary infection burden. However, this data has public health implications; for instance, it could help identify population subsets at higher risk of infection and devise targeted strategies to mitigate the risk.
Based on each study participant's antibody testing results and COVID-19 vaccination history, researchers estimated their vaccine-, infection-induced, or hybrid immunity. In addition, they estimated the number of individuals whose immune status changed between two quarters. This criterion limited this analysis to 72,748 blood donors, i.e., 51% of cohort strength. An iterative weighting adjustment method, thus, helped obtain weights via stratification and raking combined.
Prevalences of vaccine-induced, infection-induced, and hybrid* immunity† against SARS-CoV-2 among blood donors aged ≥16 years, by age group — United States, April 2021–September 2022 During the period of dominance of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, the relative difference in infection rates narrowed down, most likely because vaccine-induced protection wanes more rapidly as time elapsed post-vaccination increases. Also, Omicron evades all elicited immunity to cause breakthrough infections. However, by late 2022, the difference in infection rates also narrowed down between vaccinated and unvaccinated persons because both adopted nearly similar prevention behaviors.
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