Unlocking the secrets of Omicron: study reveals how unique spike mutations enable enhanced infectivity and resistance to immune barrier biorxivpreprint covid COVID19 SARSCoV2 omicron spike mutation
By Dr. Chinta SidharthanMay 11 2023Reviewed by Lily Ramsey, LLM In a recent study posted to the bioRxiv* preprint server, researchers reported that the increased transmissibility of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variant is not due to its immune evasive abilities alone, but due to alternate mechanisms of cellular entry that allow it to evade the interferon-induced antiviral factors.
This cleavage allows the spike protein to trigger the viral membrane to fuse with the cell membrane, releasing viral contents into the host cell. About the study In the present study, the researchers compared the abilities of the Omicron variant, Delta variant, and the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 variant to invade human nasal epithelial cells cultured in the air-liquid interface .
The presence of stratified nuclei and mature cilia on the surface of the tissue confirmed the differentiated status of the cells. Furthermore, undifferentiated nasal epithelial cells were treated with type-I interferon and type-III interferon and challenged with the ancestral and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants to determine whether the mutated Omicron spike proteins enabled the virus to evade the interferon-induced antiviral state.
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