The evolution of transmissible variants harboring mutations consistent with immune escape in mild community COVID-19 cases medrxivpreprint imperialcollege UniofOxford evolution mutation COVID19 coronavirus covid
By Pooja Toshniwal PahariaFeb 28 2023Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. *Important notice: medRxiv publishes preliminary scientific reports that are not peer-reviewed and, therefore, should not be regarded as conclusive, guide clinical practice/health-related behavior, or treated as established information.
It is reported that immune-evasive variants of SARS-CoV-2 emerge in case of inadequate SARS-CoV-2 suppression by the immunological system among profoundly immunocompromised individuals, enabling the evolutionary development of non-synonymous amino acid substitutions or mutations. Nasopharyngeal swan specimens obtained from the patients were subjected to lateral flow tests and plaque assays for SARS-CoV-2 culture. Whole-genome sequencing was performed for 11 out of 32 individuals with ≥4.0 consecutive specimens comprising >1,000.0 SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid copies per mL on quantitative reverse transcription-PCR .
Of note, both cases, A and B, developed multiple and significant SARS-CoV-2 mutations, DA55-C67 and DF54-Q62insL, in SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a, that prevents the insertion of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 serine incorporator-5 host protein into budding SARS-CoV-2 virions, and the S255F and D253G mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike N-terminal domain , conferring immune-evasiveness to the virus.
Of interest, the findings indicated that case A and case B individuals were infected initially by various haplotypes of one quasi-species. It is not likely that the mutations identified in the initial stage of infection returned to ancestral states. Therefore, their relative reductions in frequency during the infection course can be explained better by increased frequency under immunological pressures of more haplotypes of the original type devoid of such deletions.
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