Study investigates the spectrum of antibody immunity across several SARS-CoV-2 variants medrxivpreprint UniofExeter antibody immunity protein spike SARSCoV2 covid coronavirus COVID19
By Pooja Toshniwal PahariaJan 16 2023Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent study posted to the medRxiv* preprint server, researchers evaluated antibody responses to the spike proteins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Wuhan-Hu-1 strain and variants of concern such as the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. They also assessed antibody responses to Omicron sub-VOCs such as BA.1 sub-VOC, BA.4/5 sub-VOC, BA.2.75 sub-VOC, and Omicron BA.2.12.1 sub-VOC.
About the study In the present study, researchers evaluated humoral responses against Wuhan-Hu-1, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron, including Omicron sub-VOCs such as BA.1 sub-VOC, BA.4/5 sub-VOC, BA.2.75 sub-VOC, and Omicron BA.2.12.1 sub-VOC by performing a fully quantitative endotype analysis using biophotonic multiplexed immunoassays.
The biophotonic multiplexed platform used the localized particle-type plasmon resonance concept in an application that sensed anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The assays were calibrated against NISTmAb , a humanized and recombinant immunoglobulin G1ĸ with a sequence specific to the respiratory syncytial virus F protein . The S protein calibration Ig antibody targeted a site in the S protein subunit 2 for assessing variant protein integrity.
The remaining individuals of every cohort showed a wide range of humoral responses, with a few dropout immunological endotypes and the universal endotype with poor humoral responses to ≥1.0 SARS-CoV-2 strains. AZ vaccinees showed U[-] dropouts dominated by U, including the Omicron sub-VOCs. In comparison, Pfizer vaccinees showed only U comprising a mixture of all SARS-CoV-2 strains. Among three-dose vaccinees, the higher-order dropouts were almost eliminated with no ≥U.
Conclusions Overall, the study findings showed the humoral immunity spectrum with the universal endotype to the conserved Achilles epitope prevalence across all SARS-CoV-2 strains, pointing towards the development of a universal therapeutic agent or vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.
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