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, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, Tourette syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and anorexia.of individuals diagnosed with autism or ADHD have the other too – and why they frequently cluster in families.
Human precursor neurons with protein expression stained in different colors, indicating the type of neurons developing. (Won et al.,Each of these eight conditions also has gene differences that are unique to them individually, so Won and team compared the unique genes with those shared between the disorders.precursor cells that become our neurons to see how they could impact gene expression in these cells during human development. This allowed the researchers to identify 683 genetic variants that impacted gene regulation and to further explore them in neurons from developing mice.pleiotropic . The pleiotropic variants were involved in many more protein-to-protein interactions than the gene variants unique to specific psychological conditions, and they were active across more types of brain cells. This simple genotype-phenotype map only shows additive pleiotropy effects. G1, G2, and G3 are different genes that contribute to phenotypic traits P1, P2, and P3. (Pleiotropic variants were also involved in regulatory mechanisms that impact multiple stages of brain development. The ability of these genes to impact cascades and networks of processes, such as gene regulation, could explain why the same variants can contribute to different conditions. "Pleiotropy was traditionally viewed as a challenge because it complicates the classification of psychiatric disorders,""However, if we can understand the genetic basis of pleiotropy, it might allow us to develop treatments targeting these shared genetic factors, which could then help treat multiple psychiatric disorders with a common therapy."
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