'This discovery will transform the world.'
"Atoms can be routinely imaged with scanning probe microscopes, but without X-rays one cannot tell what they are made of," study co-author Sai Wai Hla, a physicist at Ohio University and the Argonne National Laboratory, said in a"We can now detect exactly the type of a particular atom, one atom-at-a-time, and can simultaneously measure its chemical state," Hla added. "Once we are able to do that, we can trace the materials down to the ultimate limit of just one atom.
In short, SX-STM combines X-ray imaging with a specialized microscope that can image atomic surfaces by using an extremely fine conducting tip that tunnels electrons excited by the X-rays. Hla describes these resulting electrons as possessing spectrums that are like elemental "fingerprints," which can identify exactly what atom they're dealing with.Both synchrotron X-ray scanning and STM are old techniques, but getting them to work in tandem has proved tricky.
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