Archaeologists in Seville discovered a well-preserved mausoleum from 2,000 years ago containing a quartz container with solid residues of perfume.
A stunningly well-preserved 2,000-year-old tomb was discovered in 2019 while construction crews were renovating a building in Seville's Carmona municipality. Six wealthy family members were interred in the same grave inside the mausoleum.bag and several amber stones were found among the donations. This object, which is thought to be a perfume bottle, has subsequently been the subject of in-depth investigation and examination by a group of researchers.
Patchouli is an essential oil derived from the Indian plant Pogostemon cablin that is commonly used in modern perfumes but was previously unrecognized as having been utilized in Roman times. An ancient Roman writer, Pliny the Elder described the essence as containing this oil. To preserve the scent and its contents, dolomite was used as a stopper, and bitumen was used to seal the container. The perfume bottle's outstanding level of preservation offered a unique chance to "smell" the aromas of the formerThe tomb's colossal design and the vessel's superb craftsmanship suggest that the scent was of high worth.
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Archaeometric Identification of a Perfume from Roman TimesAlthough archaeological excavations have recovered a large number of vessels used to hold perfumes or ointments in ancient Rome, little is known about the chemical composition or origin of the substances they contained. Most available information pertains to ointment and/or cosmetic bases rather than to essences. The discovery in 2019 of an ointment jar (unguentarium) made of rock crystal (quartz) that was sealed with a stopper and contained a solid mass in a Roman tomb in Carmona (Seville, Spain) was a rather unusual finding. This paper reports the results of an archaeometric study of the unguentarium stopper and its contents. Based on them, and on comparisons with commercially available patchouli and nard oil standards, the perfume held in the unguentarium was probably patchouli. To our knowledge, this may be the first time a perfume from Roman times has been identified, which is a major advance in this field. The unguentarium stopper consisted of dolomite, a material also unknown in this type of use, and bitumen was used to seal the unguentarium with the stopper.
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