Proof that part of the Roman Empire smelled of patchouli
may have held, to characterize the solid mass it contained in chemical terms, and to identify the stopper material. For this purpose, we conducted a multi-analytical archaeometric study using different instrumental techniques such as X-ray diffraction , scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy , micro-Raman and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopies, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry .
The oily matter held in the unguentarium was transesterified for analysis by GC–MS, which is the typical procedure for archaeological material and works of art [
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