Obesity and type 2 diabetes impair mRNA COVID vaccine efficacy in mouse model Diabetes Efficacy Obesity Type2Diabetes Vaccine Coronavirus Disease COVID biorxivpreprint BostonChildrens harvardmed UMmedschool DanaFarber broadinstitute
The proportion of individuals with diabetes mellitus and obesity is increasing globally, particularly among high-income countries. Obesity, DM, advanced age, male sex, and other comorbidities are recognized risk factors for severe COVID-19 and death. Many COVID-19 vaccines are less effective in diabetic/obese individuals.
The study and findings In the present study, researchers evaluated the effects of T2DM and obesity on antibody functions, T-cell responses, and protection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 challenge in mice immunized with the BNT162b2 vaccine. First, they established an obese, hyperinsulinemic, hyperglycemic, and glucose-intolerant murine model by feeding C57BL/6J mice a high-fat diet . In parallel, control mice were fed a normal diet .
Splenocytes were harvested and stimulated with overlapping spike RBD peptides. ND-fed mice immunized with the BNT162b2 vaccine showed higher levels of T cell-expressed interferon -γ, tumor necrosis factor , and interleukin -2 than ND mice injected with phosphate-buffered saline . ND- and HFD-fed mice injected with PBS showed high inflammatory responses across several genes. Notably, ND mice immunized with the BNT162b2 vaccine had lower gene expression than PBS-administered mice. However, there were no significant differences between BNT162b2- and PBS-administered HFD mice.
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What is the prevalence of COVID-19 detection by PCR among deceased individuals in Lusaka, Zambia? A postmortem surveillance studyObjectives To determine the prevalence of COVID-19 postmortem setting in Lusaka, Zambia. Design A systematic, postmortem prevalence study. Setting A busy, inner-city morgue in Lusaka. Participants We sampled a random subset of all decedents who transited the University Teaching Hospital morgue. We sampled the posterior nasopharynx of decedents using quantitative PCR. Prevalence was weighted to account for age-specific enrolment strategies. Interventions Not applicable—this was an observational study. Primary outcomes Prevalence of COVID-19 detections by PCR. Results were stratified by setting (facility vs community deaths), age, demographics and geography and time. Secondary outcomes Shifts in viral variants; causal inferences based on cycle threshold values and other features; antemortem testing rates. Results From 1118 decedents enrolled between January and June 2021, COVID-19 was detected among 32.0% (358/1116). Roughly four COVID-19+ community deaths occurred for every facility death. Antemortem testing occurred for 52.6% (302/574) of facility deaths but only 1.8% (10/544) of community deaths and overall, only ~10% of COVID-19+ deaths were identified in life. During peak transmission periods, COVID-19 was detected in ~90% of all deaths. We observed three waves of transmission that peaked in July 2020, January 2021 and ~June 2021: the AE.1 lineage and the Beta and Delta variants, respectively. PCR signals were strongest among those whose deaths were deemed ‘probably due to COVID-19’, and weakest among children, with an age-dependent increase in PCR signal intensity. Conclusions COVID-19 was common among deceased individuals in Lusaka. Antemortem testing was rarely done, and almost never for community deaths. Suspicion that COVID-19 was the cause of deaths was highest for those with a respiratory syndrome and lowest for individuals |19 years. Data are available upon reasonable request.
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Brain fog of post-COVID-19 condition and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, same medical disorder? - Journal of Translational MedicineBackground Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is characterized by persistent physical and mental fatigue. The post-COVID-19 condition patients refer physical fatigue and cognitive impairment sequelae. Given the similarity between both conditions, could it be the same pathology with a different precipitating factor? Objective To describe the cognitive impairment, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and general symptomatology in both groups, to find out if it is the same pathology. As well as verify if the affectation of smell is related to cognitive deterioration in patients with post-COVID-19 condition. Methods The sample included 42 ME/CFS and 73 post-COVID-19 condition patients. Fatigue, sleep quality, anxiety and depressive symptoms, the frequency and severity of different symptoms, olfactory function and a wide range of cognitive domains were evaluated. Results Both syndromes are characterized by excessive physical fatigue, sleep problems and myalgia. Sustained attention and processing speed were impaired in 83.3% and 52.4% of ME/CFS patients while in post-COVID-19 condition were impaired in 56.2% and 41.4% of patients, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found in sustained attention and visuospatial ability, being the ME/CFS group who presented the worst performance. Physical problems and mood issues were the main variables correlating with cognitive performance in post-COVID-19 patients, while in ME/CFS it was anxiety symptoms and physical fatigue. Conclusions The symptomatology and cognitive patterns were similar in both groups, with greater impairment in ME/CFS. This disease is characterized by greater physical and neuropsychiatric problems compared to post-COVID-19 condition. Likewise, we also propose the relevance of prolonged hyposmia as a possible marker of cognitive deterioration in patients with post-COVID-19.
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The Case for Cautious COVID Optimism This WinterSeveral key factors mean that we're unlikely to face a major COVID-19 surge this winter, argue Dr. Michael Daignault (MichaelDaignau3) and Dr. Monica Gandhi (MonicaGandhi9)
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How the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the treatment pancreatic cancer patientsHow the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the treatment pancreatic cancer patients Cancer Coronavirus Disease COVID PancreaticCancer Pandemic medrxivpreprint OpenSAFELY UniOfSurrey UniofOxford ucl
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The benefit-risk of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccineThe benefit-risk of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine medrxivpreprint US_FDA mRNA vaccine vaccination COVID19 coronavirus covid SARSCoV2
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