Investigative sleuths say the rewards are high while consequences are almost nonexistent, all while investigations take years to complete.
Fraud and misconduct continue apace in Alzheimer's research, undermining progress in understanding and treating the disease, say investigators who endeavor to expose errors and misleading practices.positing amyloid as a major cause of Alzheimer's was based on fraudulent data .
From 2002 to 2014, at least 25% of papers had an image that violated guidelines that prohibited the removal of spots or other blemishes with PhotoShop, which did not necessarily indicate fraud. They withdrew acceptance for 1% of papers because of image manipulations that affected data interpretation.
"I'm very worried about AI," said Bik. Although AI-generated images and content may be rudimentary today, "next year it's going to be much better," she said. Going forward, it may be hard to distinguish between a real dataset and one that has been generated by AI, she said. He sees parallels with the rise of PhotoShop and cites data from the National Institute of Health's Office of Research Integrity showing that in 1990, when PhotoShop was still new, 2% of cases referred to ORI involved image manipulation. By 2007, 70% of cases had image manipulation issues.Fraud may continue apace in part because investigations drag on for years, and in many cases, with a lack of consequences for the perpetrators, said the investigators.
All the investigators said institutions and journals should hire forensic investigators. Relying on unpaid peer reviewers or editors to root out fraud is unrealistic, they said. Institutions could show they are serious about fraud by offering a "central, systematic universal screening of all image data going out of their institutions before submission to a journal," said Rossner. But he knows only of a handful that do so. "I think research integrity offices have historically been very reactive, and they need to pivot and become proactive," said Rossner.
Schrag, Bik, and others wrote to multiple journals asking them to investigate some 25 papers related to simufilam, including a 2012that they, as whistleblowers, had potential conflicts and that they could be assisting short sellers who were seeking to profit by depressing Cassava’s stock price. Indeed, Schrag was initially hired by a law firm that was representing short sellers. McNally said that JCI would start requiring disclosures by whistleblowers.
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