Damien Pine (he/him) is a freelance writer, artist, and former NASA engineer. He writes about science, physics, tech, art, and other topics with a focus on making complicated ideas accessible. He has a degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Connecticut, and he gets really excited every time he sees a cat.
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Sign up for our skywatching newsletter and explore the universe with us!for so long that the Mohs hardness scale, which rates minerals' resistance to scratching, uses diamond as the scale's upper limit. It's called cubic diamond for its neat arrangements ofatoms in a cubic structure. In contrast, hexagonal diamond organizes carbon atoms in a lattice made of hexagons, like a honeycomb.In 1962, researchers at the Pittsburg Coal Research Center theorized that layers of carbon atoms making up diamond could be organized in a hexagonal lattice instead of a cubic one, thanks to how carbon forms bonds with other carbon atoms. In 1967, researchers discovered hexagonal diamond — or lonsdaleite — in the lab, suspecting it could be harder than cubic diamond. 'What the heck is this?' James Webb telescope spots inexplicable planet with diamonds and soot in its atmosphere Record-breaking feat means information lasts 15 times longer in new kind of quantum processor than those used by Google and IBMThey started looking for it in a special type of diamond-rich meteorite called ureilite, which forms from the mantle of smashed dwarf planets. Thein the wild were documented in a 1967 paper; three Canyon Diablo meteorites with about 30% hexagonal and 70% cubic diamond phases, and Goalpara meteorites that had a small amount of hexagonal diamond. The Canyon Diablo crater, better known as Barringer Crater, was created in Arizona by a meteor containing what may be the first example of hexagonal diamond.that was stacked chaotically, and they weren't convinced that lonsdaleite had been detected in previous studies. However, multiple recent studies have identified lonsdaleite in meteorites and in lab samples, including a The biggest challenge in identifying lonsdaleite is the lack of pure samples; in many cases, it is mixed with cubic diamond, graphite and other minerals. This makes it difficult — or even impossible — to test and measure its unique properties., addressed this problem by creating several pure hexagonal diamond samples about 0.06 inches in diameter — big enough to measure the samples' material properties. The team found that hexagonal diamond is both stiffer and harder than cubic diamond, and that it resists oxidation much more than cubic diamond does. This means hexagonal diamond can tolerate much higher temperatures without its surface getting all gunked up by reacting with oxygen, which is important for applications like drilling.Get the world’s most fascinating discoveries delivered straight to your inbox.The study also provides major evidence that hexagonal diamond is a real material. According to the study,"structural and spectroscopic analyses, supported by large-scale molecular dynamical simulations, unambiguously confirm the identity of HD ." To make the samples, the researchers compressed very organized graphite for 10 hours at 20 gigapascals, or about 200,000 times Earth's atmospheric pressure at sea level, and subjected them to temperatures ranging from 2,300 to 3,450 degrees Fahrenheit . At higher temperatures and pressures, the lonsdaleite started morphing into cubic diamond.Hexagonal diamond could improve processes and tools that currently rely on cubic diamond, like drilling and cutting tools, polishing abrasive coatings, and dissipating heat from electronics. Its presence in meteorites can also tell us a lot about how the meteorite formed and where it came from, giving more clues about our The elusive material"has potential applications in many fields, for example in cutting tools, in thermal management materials and in quantum sensing",The new study also provides"a practical strategy for producing HD in bulk form," opening the way for bigger samples, more scientific exploration, and industrial applications no longer limited by cubic diamond's hardness, according to the authors.Lai, S., Yang, X., Shi, J., Liu, S., Guo, Y., Yan, L., Zang, J., Zhang, Z., Jia, Q., Sun, J., Cheng, S., & Shan, C. . Bulk hexagonal diamond. Damien Pine is a freelance writer, artist, and former NASA engineer. He writes about science, physics, tech, art, and other topics with a focus on making complicated ideas accessible. He has a degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Connecticut, and he gets really excited every time he sees a cat.Record-breaking feat means information lasts 15 times longer in new kind of quantum processor than those used by Google and IBM Startling archaeological finds, the Gulf Stream signals possible collapse, our sun's mass migration, the world's smallest QR code, and have we hit peak oil?
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