Hummingbirds' vision hints at compound colors outside normal spectrum

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Hummingbirds' vision hints at compound colors outside normal spectrum
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Hummingbirds can see colors humans can only imagine, an ability that now sheds light on an extra dimension of animal vision, a new study finds. Via InsideScience.

A nature photographer in Maryland snapped the chipmunk eating a snack.Hummingbirds can see colors humans can only imagine, an ability that now sheds light on an extra dimension of animal vision, a new study finds., humans are colorblind. Whereas humans possess three kinds of color-sensitive cones -- eye cells sensitive to red, green and blue light -- birds have a fourth cone type sensitive to ultraviolet light.

In theory, this extra cone type could help birds see far more colors than we can. Humans can perceive not only spectral colors -- those made up of a single sliver of the visible spectrum of light, ranging from red to violet -- but also non-spectral colors absent from the rainbow. One example is purple, which results from mixing red and blue, colors from opposite ends of the spectrum. Items we see as purple involve light rays that simultaneously activate red and blue cones in our eyes.

Based on more than 6,000 feeder visits, the scientists found hummingbirds can see not only purple, but also ultraviolet plus green, ultraviolet plus red and ultraviolet plus yellow. They could also tell apart different mixtures of ultraviolet and red light as well as ultraviolet and green light.

After analyzing 965 feather colors and 2,350 plant colors, the researchers suggested birds likely perceive not only the ultraviolet rays invisible to humans, but also many more unique non-spectral colors that we cannot see. This suggests these additional non-spectral colors might prove vital in nature for everything from scrounging for food to wooing a mate.

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