Green Mediterranean diet reshapes DNA methylation, boosts metabolism GreenMEDDiet Metabolic Epigenome Modulation Polyphenol Enriched MolecularMechanisms MediterraneanDiet Els_Nutrition
May 30 2023 A study published in the journal Metabolism describes the effect of a polyphenol-rich Mediterranean diet on epigenetic regulation.
Plant-based polyphenols with high antioxidant properties are known to have beneficial effects on metabolism. Mechanistically, polyphenols inhibit key epigenetic regulators, such as DNA-methyltransferases or methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase , to modulate one-carbon metabolism and methylation processes. Moreover, folic acid and B vitamins as methyl donors play crucial roles in regulating DNA and histone methylases.
In the current study, scientists have explored whether green-MED diet-mediated metabolic improvements observed in the trial are associated with its impact on genome-wide DNA methylation and mRNA expression patterns. Important observations The analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation patterns before and after the dietary interventions identified 1,573 differentially methylated regions in the green-MED group, 377 in the HDG group, and 174 in the MED group. These findings corresponded to 1753 differentially expressed genes in the green-MED group, 738 in the HDG group, and only 7 in the MED group.
In addition to having a substantial effect on one-carbon precursors associated with de novo methylation processes, a polyphenol-rich green-MED diet showed a direct effect on the methylation and transcription of genes encoding epigenetic modulators, including lysine demethylase 2B, lysine demethylase 5B, and histone lysine methyltransferase.
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