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Illustration showing the merger of two neutron stars. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/CI Lab
It’s difficult to study neutron stars. They are light years away and only about 20 kilometers across. They are also made of the most dense material in the universe. So dense that atomic nuclei merge together to become a complex fluid. For years our understanding of the interiors was based on complex physical models and what little data we could gather from optical telescopes. But that’s starting to change.for nuclear matter, known as the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation.
The effect on gravitational waves is small, but the team has created a model for the next run of Advanced LIGO. They also have models ready for the next generation of LIGO instruments known as A+, which should have its first observation run in 2025. So it shouldn’t be long before we have a wave of data that could finally reveal the deep interiors of neutron stars.
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