As part of an effort to overcome the long-term energy-storage challenge, engineers have invented a water-soluble chemical additive that improves the performance of a type of electrochemical storage called a bromide aqueous flow battery.
Solar and wind are quickly transforming the energy landscape -- but if we are to realize the full potential of these intermittent, renewable energy sources, we'll need safe, affordable batteries capable of storing it.
Sullivan, PhD student Gyohun Choi, and Dawei Feng, an assistant professor of materials science and engineering at UW-Madison, developed the additive. The research was published on October 23, 2024, by the journal NatureCurrently, giant tractor-trailer-sized lithium-ion battery packs store energy for the grid -- but with technical limitations. Lithium batteries have safety concerns due to the potential for fires and explosions and a complicated international supply chain.
In practice, however, tiny bromide ions cause all sorts of problems in flow batteries. They can pass through the membrane that separates the electrodes, and that reduces the battery's efficiency. Sometimes the ions precipitate out of the electrolyte and form a messy oil that"sinks" to the bottom of the solution. Occasionally, the ions also form toxic bromine gas. These issues hinder practical performance and reliability.
Importantly, the additives dramatically improve the flow battery's performance, increasing the efficiency and longevity of the chemical system."Our devices with the additive functioned without decay for almost two months compared to ones without it, which typically fail within a day," says Feng."This is important because for green energy storage, you want to use it for 10 or 20 years.
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