Does breast milk influence infants' intestinal microbiota? BreastMilk Bacteria Cell Food Immunomodulatory Lactobacillus Microbiome Peptides Probiotic Probiotics Therapeutics IJMS_MDPI Zagreb_Uni UniTrieste institutrb
By Dr. Priyom Bose, Ph.D.Nov 28 2022Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. A large number of health-related benefits of probiotics have led to the development of a new discipline called probiogenomics, which focuses on the molecular mechanisms of probiotic activities. According to the US Food and Drug Administration , the next-generation probiotics satisfy the scope of "live biotherapeutic products" , which could be used to develop effective therapeutics for various diseases.
In Lactobacillus, the S protein covers the entire bacterial cell. It forms a layer that protects from osmotic and mechanical stress, bacteriolytic enzymes, changes in pH values, and antimicrobial peptides. Only a few Lactobacillus strains produce S-proteins that play an essential role in the expression of probiotic properties.
A key source of novel probiotic strains is the human milk microbiome, which constitutes bacterial species transferred during pregnancy and birth. The human milk microbiome positively helps establish the intestinal microbiota of newborns. Lactobacillus helveticus, an S-layer expressing strain, was used as a positive control, whereas Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, a non-S-layer producing strain, was used as a negative control. Antimicrobial properties were assessed against Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enterica.
While human breastmilk and infants' feces microbiomes were similar, human breastmilk exhibited a relatively higher abundance of the same phyla than feces. In addition, the α-diversity of the milk microbiome was found to be significantly higher compared to feces. This finding indicates that the milk microbiota is more diverse than the fecal microbiota.
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