Study sheds new light on the role of IgA in food allergies ChildHealth Pediatrics FoodAllergy Allergen Allergy ScienceTM YaleMed StanfordAllergy harvardmed
By Dr. Sanchari Sinha Dutta, Ph.D.Nov 27 2022Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. A recent Science Translational Medicine study reports that food-specific immunoglobulin A present in the human gut does not provide protection against food allergies.
IgA comprises 80% of the antibodies present within the human gastrointestinal system and is vital in regulating gut microbiota composition. In addition, the research suggests that food-specific IgA antibodies bind to and neutralize food allergens, thus leading to the development of food tolerance. However, this hypothesis is based on indirect and mixed evidence.
Non-food allergic infants were found to produce detectable peanut-specific IgA in the gut. Further analysis revealed that these IgA antibodies might be derived from both the mother and child. Similarly, peanut-specific plasma IgA at baseline did not correlate with peanut-specific IgE and clinical allergy at follow-up. These observations indicate that peanut-specific gut and plasma IgA do not provide any protection against a future peanut allergy.
Moreover, it was observed that peanut-specific gut IgA targets different epitopes than peanut-specific plasma IgE. Furthermore, peanut-specific gut IgA targets similar peanut epitopes, regardless of peanut allergy status.
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