Study shows fewer people tried to quit smoking during COVID-19 pandemic jamanetworkopen
) reporting guideline. This study was based on data that were deidentified, publicly available, or not from human participants, which the US Department of Health and Human Services considers as nonhuman research that does not require institutional review board review or informed consent.Cessation behaviors from the BRFSS, an annual, nationally representative, cross-sectional, telephone-based health survey of adults who were not institutionalized, were examined for 2011 to 2020.
NielsenIQ Retail Scanner Data provided representative state-level sales data from US-based retail channels, including grocery, supermarket, mass merchandise, drug, convenience , dollar, and club stores in 33 US states. After 2 states with missing NRT sales data were excluded, the analytic sample included 1004 unique universal product codes of NRT brands for 59 four-week sales periods, from January 2017 to July 2021, for each of 31 US states.
Interrupted time series regression analysis was used to estimate expected NRT sales volume during the COVID-19 pandemic based on trends estimated from the prepandemic period . Changes in NRT sales during the COVID-19 pandemic were calculated as the relative difference between observed and expected sales volumes. Regression analyses controlled for state and month fixed effects, inflation-adjusted NRT and cigarette prices, and state sociodemographic composition .
Analyses were conducted using Stata statistical software version 17.0 and SAS-callable SUDAAN statistical software version 9.4 . All statistical tests were 2-sided, with significance set atThe 2011 to 2020 pooled sample included 788 008 respondents . There were 23 763 American Indian or Alaska Native individuals , 9614 Asian individuals , 69 638 Black individuals , 56 829 Hispanic individuals , and 583 306 White individuals .
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Religion, politics and COVID-19 risk perception among urban residents in Malawi - BMC Public HealthIntroduction Majority of Malawians have not yet adopted COVID-19 mitigation measures despite having knowledge about its infectivity, morbidity, and fatality. Understanding drivers of hesitancy to adoption of COVID-19 mitigation measures is critical as it can inform prevention programs. This study explores Malawians’ COVID-19 risk perception, and the associated constraints in the adoption of mitigation efforts. A Health Belief Model (HBM) approach was used to understand perceived factors that undermine public health COVID-19 messages to reduce the spread of the pandemic in Malawi. Methods The study applied rapid appraisal and photovoice qualitative inquiry to comprehend risk perception regarding COVID-19. We purposively selected 52 participants from three major cities in Malawi. Audio and video interviews were transcribed verbatim, and transcripts were coded manually to derive key themes and concepts. Results The study identified that social factors particularly religious and political beliefs influenced COVID-19 risk perception. Specific religious beliefs pertaining to individuals recognizing signs of the ‘Christian apocalypse’ were particularly associated with lower risk perceptions. Politically, participants believed COVID-19 lockdown measures were a ploy by the then-ruling party to remain in power. Conclusion The study suggests that religious beliefs and political environment undermine self -perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 among urban dwellers in Malawi. We recommend that diverse actors in Malawi should collaborate to promote the dissemination of accurate COVID-19 discourses and reduce the severity of the pandemic’s impact in Malawi.
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