Audible sound can affect gene activity in mouse cells, boosting the attachment of muscle precursors to surrounding tissue and decreasing fat accumulation
Audible sound can affect gene activity in mouse cells, boosting the attachment of muscle precursors to surrounding tissue and decreasing fat accumulationThe cells in your ears aren’t the only ones listening: recent research suggests that crucial cells throughout the body may respond to audible sound.
Experimentsin numerous ways; the new study expands this concept to audible sounds that require no special equipment to produce. Kyoto University biologist Masahiro Kumeta and his colleagues bathed cultured mouse myoblast cells in sound, directly transmitting a low frequency , a high frequency , or white noise to the culture dishes for either two or 24 hours. The team analyzed the effect these sound waves had on the mouse cells through RNA sequencing, which measures gene activity. The scientists found that activity in 42 genes changed after two hours, and 145 responded after 24 hours. Most showed increased activity, but some were suppressed. “It’s a very extensive, thorough study,” says Lidan You, an engineer at Queen’s University in Ontario, who studies how bone cells translate mechanical stimuli into biological signals.. By purchasing a subscription you are helping to ensure the future of impactful stories about the discoveries and ideas shaping our world today. Many of the affected genes have roles in key processes such as cell adhesion and migration, which are known to respond to mechanical forces. The researchers found that sound expanded the size of the sites where cells attached to surrounding tissues, most likely by activating an enzyme called focal adhesion kinase , which senses mechanical forces and helps to guide tissue development. Sound waves seem to deform molecules in a way that provides easier access for a chemical switch that activates FAK, which in turn influences a chain of other genes’ activity. The team also found a strong reaction in fat-cell precursors called preadipocytes: sound suppressed their differentiation into mature fat cells, thereby reducing fat accumulation by 13 to 15 percent. Audible sound is noninvasive and probably safer than drugs, Kumeta says. Although it can’t be tightly focused like ultrasound, it is easy to produce and could be useful for bathing large regions of the body in sonic waves. Kumeta and his colleagues have already begun studying such interventions to suppress the development of fat tissue in living mice—and humans could be next, he says: “If it works well in mice I think this could be achieved in five or 10 years.” Other potential applications include enhancing regenerative medicine and combating cancer growth. “The next step using not only human cells but human organoids that model diseases,” You says, “then moving to clinical studies.”
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