Mobility-related data show the pandemic has limited the breadth of places people visit in cities MIT NatureComms
. The decrease in experienced income diversity was robust to the choice of diversity metrics, such as the entropy of income quantiles for encounters at places and for individuals Dissecting the place-based diversity results into POI categories, we further observe that diversity in places in Boston decreased in all POI categories both in the short-term and long-term in Fig. d.
To disentangle the relative impacts of these behavioral changes, we created different counterfactual mobility datasets. For example, to estimate the effects of the reduction of total activity time on the loss of diversity, we randomly removed visits from pre-pandemic data to create a counterfactual mobility dataset that contains the same total visit duration at places during the pandemic
. The resulting generated counterfactual data can answer the question of ‘how would the income diversity change if people just simply decreased the number of visits to places from pre-pandemic levels?’. By comparing the place and individual-based diversity measures computed from the actual and the counterfactual mobility datasets, we are able to delineate the effects of activity reduction on the decrease in diversity.
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