2024 saw a continued spread of zoonotic diseases, with avian influenza impacting new mammal species and raising concerns about human transmission. A major mpox outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) prompted a vaccination campaign, and Oropouche virus expanded its reach to new regions.
We didn’t face a new global pandemic in 2024, but the year was filled with reminders that zoonotic diseases —diseases that people get from animals—are a constant and evolving challenge. Here’s a rundown of some of the events of 2024.
, traditionally found in the Amazon, expanded its reach, causing over 11,000 cases in Brazil and Peru, with new reports in countries including Canada, the U.S., and several European nations. AllPeople infected with the virus, which they get from arthropods like mosquitoes and midges, mostly present with symptoms like headaches and muscle pain, but may include severe neurological conditions.
Scientists don’t fully understand why Oropouche virus is spreading now. Deforestation and climate change are suspected to be important drivers, as they alter ecosystems and vector species change their behaviors., a zoonotic pathogen with a high mortality rate, were reported in Kerala, India in June and September 2024. The cases led to quarantines and increased surveillance to prevent further spread.
The appearance of Buruli ulcer in New South Wales is concerning and warrants a systematic survey and monitoring to better understand how it is maintained and transmitted.These events in 2024 highlight the always-changing character of zoonotic diseases and the importance of the One Health idea—integrating human, animal, and environmental health strategies—to effectively monitor, prevent, and respond to emerging disease threats.
Despite the challenges posed by zoonotic diseases in 2024, this year has also highlighted progress in understanding, monitoring, and responding to emerging diseases. Advances in surveillance technology, deeper insights into the drivers of disease spread, and strengthened global collaborations are helping scientists and public health authorities to better anticipate and mitigate risks.
Zoonotic Diseases Avian Influenza Mpox Oropouche Virus Global Health
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