Paul M. Sutter is an astrophysicist at SUNY Stony Brook and the Flatiron Institute in New York City. Paul received his PhD in Physics from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 2011, and spent three years at the Paris Institute of Astrophysics, followed by a research fellowship in Trieste, Italy, His research focuses on many diverse topics, from the emptiest regions of the universe to the earliest moments of the Big Bang to the hunt for the first stars. As an 'Agent to the Stars,' Paul has passionately engaged the public in science outreach for several years. He is the host of the popular 'Ask a Spaceman!' podcast, author of 'Your Place in the Universe' and 'How to Die in Space' and he frequently appears on TV — including on The Weather Channel, for which he serves as Official Space Specialist.
With each splitting of the forces, the fundamental vacuum of space-time reconfigured itself. But that process may not have been completely smooth or perfect, and flaws may have appeared in space-time. Some of these defects appeared as one-dimensional folds in space, like wrinkles in a piece of paper. These are the cosmic strings.
Astronomers have been hunting for cosmic strings ever since they were theorized in the 1970s. So far, all searches have turned up empty, and yet cosmic strings appear to be a generic prediction of all of our theories of the early universe. If cosmic strings do exist, they would be very strange indeed. For example, because of the unique way they fold space-time, if you were to travel in a circle around one, when you completed your journey and returned to your starting point, you would find that you had traveled less than 360 degrees. Cosmic strings can also vibrate, with the ripples traveling up and down their length at the speed of light, and occasionally form loops that then vibrate themselves to death in a frenzy of radiation.
If a cosmic string passed through a plasma, those ripples in space-time could change the temperature and density of small pockets in the plasma. Those differences would set electric charges in motion, and they could become the beginnings of a magnetic field. Those seed fields wouldn't be very strong — less than a millionth of a millionth of
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'Fuzzy' dark matter might make stars form in giant 'pancakes'Paul M. Sutter is an astrophysicist at SUNY Stony Brook and the Flatiron Institute in New York City. Paul received his PhD in Physics from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 2011, and spent three years at the Paris Institute of Astrophysics, followed by a research fellowship in Trieste, Italy, His research focuses on many diverse topics, from the emptiest regions of the universe to the earliest moments of the Big Bang to the hunt for the first stars. As an 'Agent to the Stars,' Paul has passionately engaged the public in science outreach for several years. He is the host of the popular 'Ask a Spaceman!' podcast, author of 'Your Place in the Universe' and 'How to Die in Space' and he frequently appears on TV — including on The Weather Channel, for which he serves as Official Space Specialist.
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