Most young people who get COVID-19 get pretty nasty flu-like symptoms but fight off the infection on their own with bed rest and over-the-counter pain medicatio…
All of these possibilities will require studies that use control groups to determine whether these variables are actually causing a more severe reaction or if their presence is just a coincidence. It might be true that a high proportion of COVID-19 patients drink coffee, for example, but that doesn’t necessarily mean drinking coffee puts you at a higher risk of COVID-19.
In the midst of an ongoing crisis, one way to ethically do this is through a case control study, which looks retroactively at infections that have already played out. “So you have a case and a control and they look the same, except one progressed and one didn’t,” Smith, of UCSD, said. “Then you sort of work your way backwards and say, ‘What is really different between these two groups?’ And you need lots of people [in the study] to get that figured out.”
Another option is called a cohort study, where a sample of the population is enrolled and then followed over time to see who gets sick and how sick they get. Those who got seriously ill can then be compared to those who didn’t get sick or had less severe infections to see what differences stand out., and we could see preliminary results in a matter of months. But it may take years to fully understand why COVID-19 affects people differently.
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