The Sun rays can cause serious damage to the skin in case of chronic and unprotected exposure.
This remarkable molecule absorbs the most visible light, causing it to look very dark brown, almost black. Eumelanin also absorbs damaging ultraviolet radiation. Depending on their genetics, people produce different amounts of eumelanin. Some have a lot and are able to produce a lot more when their skin is exposed to the Sun; others have less to start out with and produce less when their skin is exposed.
There is no preserved skin from thousands of years ago for scientists to study, but we can infer from the effects of sun exposure on modern people that the damage was similar.
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