Although experts on the human microbiome agree that diversity of gut organisms is good, they don't always agree on the best methods for quantifying and typing the microorganisms that make up a 'normal' microbiome. FNCE2022 MedTwitter
, individual microbial mileage may vary. In other words, the types, quantities, and ratios of microorganisms that constitute a healthy microbiome might be defined differently for any given individual, according to Kashyap. Even if healthy relationships between diverse taxa are eventually defined, the best way to quantify them and their ratios in the gut microbiome have yet to be standardized.
"At this point in time, the home-based microbiome tests are not validated in a way that allows for provision of useful information," he toldThe intestinal microbiome is a"complex ecosystem," Teigen added."What we consider to be a healthy microbiome exists on a continuum and its function, or what it does, is heavily influenced by external factors such as the immune system and diet.
Both technologies are commonly used in experimental efforts to characterize and understand the activity of the gut microbiome, but neither can reliably reveal the degree to which microorganisms in the gut are contributing to risk for disease in general or to specific diseases. One of the most important reasons is that the function of microbial strains appears to depend on the interrelationship with other microorganisms that are present.
Kashyap said that he sees several clinical applications in the future, including the potential for direct-to-consumer tests that not only characterize the microbiome but also use patient-specific factors within an algorithm to guide intervention. In the case of abnormal PPGR, the algorithms might guide selection of specific dietary fibers with the greatest potential to alter the gut microbiome in order to improve glucose metabolism.
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