Every effort to explain the extraordinarily varied course of the novel coronavirus, to treat it with drugs and prevent it with vaccines, depends on understanding how the virus outwits the human immune system — or vice versa.
AstraZeneca’s suspension of testing of its coronavirus vaccine while it investigates an illness shows there will be ‘no compromises’ on safety, the NIH chief said.
Within an infected individual, “it takes time to build up B- and T-cell division and antibody production,” said Altmann. “To achieve the full immune response to COVID-19, you need to get to day 11 or 12 after infection.”After that, the big question is how long the immune response will protect against further exposure to the virus.
Meanwhile, SARS-CoV-2 is itself evolving as it spreads through its new hosts: humans. Coronaviruses mutate more slowly than flu but faster than many other viruses.Scientists are observing some genetic changes, particularly in the “spike protein” that SARS-CoV-2 uses to enter human cells, which may make it more infectious and at the same time easier for the immune system to recognize and tackle. But none has transformed the nature of the virus.
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