‘Westernization’, which incorporates industrial, cultural and dietary trends, has paralleled the rise of noncommunicable diseases across the globe.
Today, the Western-style diet emerges as a key stimulus for gut microbial vulnerability, chronic inflammation and chronic diseases, affecting mainly the cardiovascular system, systemic metabolism and the gut. Here we review the diet of modern times and evaluate the threat it poses for human health by summarizing recent epidemiological, translational and clinical studies.
Arifuzzaman, M., Collins, N., Guo, C. J. & Artis, D. Nutritional regulation of microbiota-derived metabolites: implications for immunity and inflammation.Pendyala, S., Walker, J. M. & Holt, P. R. A high-fat diet is associated with endotoxemia that originates from the gut.Finucane, M. M. et al. National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and 9.
Shi, W., Huang, X., Schooling, C. M. & Zhao, J. V. Red meat consumption, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Cordova, R. et al. Consumption of ultra-processed foods and risk of multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases: a multinational cohort study.Dehghan, M. et al. Associations of fats and carbohydrate intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 18 countries from five continents : a prospective cohort study.Arnett, D. K. et al.
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