Water immersion during labor and birth significantly reduced use of medications, maternal pain, and postpartum hemorrhage. OBGYNTwitter
, compared with standard care with no water immersion, based on data from 36 studies including more than 150,000 women.
Although previous studies have not shown an increased risk for adverse events for newborns following water birth, “There is a need to understand which clinical practices, when performed as part of water immersion care, result in the optimum outcomes for mother and newborn,” the researchers said., the researchers identified studies published since 2000 that examined maternal or neonatal interventions and/or outcomes when birthing pools were used for labor and/or birth.
Water immersion generally involves the use of a birth pool for relaxation and pain relief in early labor, and some women proceed with immersion through the second stage of labor and delivery. Of the 36 included studies, 31 took place in a hospital setting, 4 in a midwife-led setting, and 1 in a mixed setting. Most of the studies involved women who planned to have/had a water birth, and these studies included 151,742 women.
The study findings were limited by several factors including the inconsistency of reporting on birth setting, care practices, interventions, and outcomes, and the inclusion of only three outcomes for meta-regression analysis, the researchers noted. In addition, only four studies were conducted in midwifery-led settings.
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