The increasing mass of the Greenland ice sheet caused local sea level to rise more than 3 metres after Vikings colonised Greenland, flooding many settlements and contributing to their abandonment of the place
reduced global sea level by 7 millimetres during this time as it locked away water, but due to other factors, there was a small overall rise on average across the world. All of this contributed to the 3.3-metre rise around Greenland.
It was already known that the sea rose in Greenland when Vikings lived there, but Borreginne’s team is the first to calculate the effect. The findings show that the coast would have retreated hundreds of metres, with the water swamping more than 200 square kilometres of land and impinging on many farms and homes.Sign up to newsletter
That must have had a major impact on the settlers. There is evidence that their diet shifted from land-based to sea-based, says Borreginne. The settlers – including Erik the Red’s son Leif Erikson, who sailed to North America some 500 years before Christopher Columbus – were also grappling with colder weather making farming more difficult, conflict with Inuit peoples and reduced demand for walrus ivory as more elephant ivory reached Europe. By around 1450,“What we found is that sea level rise did indeed play a role in the Viking abandonment,” says Borreginne. “But it was not necessarily the number one cause.
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