According to new research on V2G technology from an MIT team published in the journal Energy Advances, as the number of EVs rises,
, as the number of EVs rises, the collective fleet’s batteries might function as a cost-effective, large-scale energy source, with potentially significant effects on the energy transition. Electric vehicle owners are used to connecting their electric vehicles to charging ports at home and at work to refuel their batteries with energy from the power grid. These electric vehicles will also be able to reverse the flow and deliver electrons back to the grid when they plug in.
Solar and wind energy, however, are not steady 24/7. Achieving clean energy objectives will be difficult without sufficient backup for these sources, such as large-scale natural gas power plants or stationary energy storage facilities using lithium-ion batteries, for example. It will cost hundreds of billions of dollars to create the necessary new energy infrastructure. However, there are also other options on the table.
They observed that V2G applications in power systems were favorable at all levels of carbon emission controls, even one scenario with no emissions caps at all. But according to their calculations, V2G benefits the electricity grid best when carbon restrictions are the strictest — at 10 grams of carbon dioxide per kilowatt-hour load, for example. The range of $183 million to $1,326 million in total system savings from V2G reflects EV participation rates between 5% and 80%.
“We don’t assume all vehicles will be available to send energy back to the grid at the same time, at 6 p.m. for instance, when most commuters return home in the early evening,” says Gençer. He thinks there will be enough battery power available to offset spikes in electricity use over an average 24-hour period because EV users have such diverse schedules.
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