People at a high risk of CVD who maintain a vegetariandiet for 6 months or longer show significant improvements in key risk factors, including cholesterol, glycemic control and body weight, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials shows. MedX
and people at high risk of cardiovascular disease, highlighting the potential protective and synergistic effects of vegetarian diets for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease," they say.
The studies were conducted in the United States, Asia, Europe, and New Zealand between 1990 and 2021. Sample sizes ranged from 12 to 291 participants. Assessment of the overall certainty of evidence evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool showed a moderate level of evidence for reductions in LDL-C and A1c with the vegetarian diet.
The effects"suggest that vegetarian diets might have a synergistic [or at least nonantagonistic] use in potentiating the effects of optimal drug therapy in the prevention and treatment of a range of cardiometabolic diseases," the authors write. "[The meta-analysis] suggests that diet quality plays a major role in lowering blood pressure, independent of animal food consumption, as the DASH [Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension]...trial demonstrated," the authors note.Alhtough most patients were taking medications to manage, hyperglycemia, and/or dyslipidemia at trial enrollment in as many as eight of the studies, the vegetarian diet intervention resulted in a decrease in medication dose.
The diets may also be high in dietary fiber, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, potassium, magnesium, and phytochemical, and have lower glycemic index scores.
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