A recent study revealed that neonatal gut bacteria produce serotonin and down-regulate monoamine oxidase A (MOA) to limit serotonin breakdown, thereby promoting immune tolerance.
By Dr. Priyom Bose, Ph.D.Mar 20 2024Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. A recent Science Immunology study revealed that neonatal gut bacteria produce serotonin and down-regulate monoamine oxidase A to limit serotonin breakdown, thereby promoting immune tolerance.
The human gut is a major site of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine, which are produced by epithelial enterochromaffin cells . These neurotransmitters influence the enteric and central nervous systems . Recent studies have shown that the absence of critical gut bacteria is associated with the altered availability of neurotransmitters for neuronal signaling.
Study findings The in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that serotonin is responsible for immune tolerance in early life. In vivo experiments indicated that neonatal gut bacteria, instead of ECs, are the major source of serotonin. Multiple mechanisms have been identified to be associated with the enhancement of serotonin in the neonatal gut.
It is important to understand the evolutionary benefits of enhanced neurotransmitter availability in the neonatal gut. This study could lead to a better understanding of how elevated neurotransmitter availability in the gut influences GI disorders. Typically, GI disorders stem from imbalanced neurotransmitters during early life.
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