A new study proposes that gravity emerges from quantum entropy, potentially unifying quantum mechanics and general relativity.
Several physicists have proposed theories that try to unite quantum mechanics with Einstein’s general theory of relativity.But a new study goes one step ahead; it not only links the two theories but also suggests that gravity emerges from quantum entropy.
The study author, Ginestra Bianconi, who is a physicist and a professor of applied mathematics at the Queen Mary University of London, proposes that “gravity is derived from an entropic action coupling matter fields with geometry.”In simple words, this means that gravity is not a fundamental force by itself but instead comes from the way matter interacts with the shape of space. This interaction is driven by entropy, which is a measure of disorder in a system. This indirectly suggests that a lack of entropy growth might cause gravitational effects to diminish, leading to unpredictable consequences for our universe. Connecting quantum entropy and gravityPhysicists have long attempted to find a single theory that unites quantum mechanics and general relativity. This has been very tricky because quantum mechanics focuses on the unpredictable nature of particles at microscopic scales, whereas general relativity explains gravity as the curvature of spacetime caused by massive objects.The two theories discuss forces existing on different scales. Bianconi employed an interesting approach to deal with this challenge. She proposes an entropic action where, instead of being a fixed background, spacetime works like a quantum operator — acting on quantum states and deciding how they change over time.Next, she introduced a mathematical tool called G-field into the entropic action. This tool ensured that when spacetime interacts with matter as the quantum operator, the equations remain valid and don’t break any fundamental rules. “By introducing the G-field, we obtain the modified Einstein equations and the equations of motion for the matter and the G-field,” Bianconi notes. The equations revealed how matter influenced the geometry of spacetime.Moreover, at low energies, their modified equations behaved just like Einstein’s general relativity, suggesting that gravity may be an effect of the entropy. “This work proposes that quantum gravity has an entropic origin and suggests that the G-field might be a candidate for dark matter,” Bianconi added.The equations go beyond general relativityIn addition to explaining the link between gravity and entropy and connecting quantum mechanics with general relativity, the equations in the study also left the researchers with a constant value that can explain why the universe is expanding at an accelerating rate.“The theory goes further, predicting the emergence of a small, positive cosmological constant – a value that aligns with experimental observations of the universe’s accelerated expansion much better than for other pre-existing theories,” Bianconi notes.These interesting findings could completely change our understanding of gravity, dark matter, and the universe. However, further research is needed to gather more evidence supporting these results. The study is published in the journal Physical Review D.
General Relativity Gravity Physics Quantum Mechanics
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