Under the skin: how rare earth metals are used in electric cars | Autocar

How are rare earth metals used in electric cars? We take a closer look at the 17 rare earths and analyse their sustainability

Rare earth materials are metals and there are 17 of them in the periodic table of elements. They are probably best known in automotive circles for their use in the permanent magnet electric motors of EVs, although not all car makers choose to use permanent magnet motors, specifically to avoid the use of rare earth materials.

The simple reason is that they make the world’s most powerful permanent magnets, which generate a magnetic field much greater than that of a common or garden iron magnet. Porsche says the magnets it uses in its EV motors consist of around 30% rare earth metals in addition to iron. As to rarity, Porsche says some rare earth materials are more abundant than lead, but they are much harder to extract and process, which in one sense amounts to the same thing.

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