On March 25, 1965, thousands of nonviolent demonstrators, led by Martin Luther King Jr., arrived at the capitol steps in Montgomery.
At the conclusion of the march, when King spoke to the crowd, he stated, “There never was a moment in American history more honorable and more inspiring than the pilgrimage of clergymen and laymen of every race and faith pouring into Selma to face danger at the side of its embattled Negroes.”
Selma was chosen despite repeated registration attempts by local blacks, and only 2% were on the voting rolls. The SCLC decided to focus here because they anticipated that the notorious brutality of local law enforcement under Sheriff Jim Clark would garner national attention, which in turn would pressure President Lyndon B. Johnson and Congress to enact new national voting rights legislation.
In response to Jackson’s death, activists in Selma and Marion set out to march from Selma to the state capitol in Montgomery on March 7. At the time, King was in Atlanta, so Hosea Williams of the SCLC and SNCC leader John Lewis led the march. However, the marchers were met by a blockade of state troopers and local laymen commanded by Sheriff Clark and Major John Cloud across the Edmund Pettus Bridge.
Federal District Court Judge Frank M. Johnson notified the movement attorney Fred Gray that he intended to issue a restraining order prohibiting the march until at least March 11. President Johnson also pressured King to call off the march until a federal court could provide protection for the marchers.
On March 15th, Johnson addressed congress on television, stating, “Their cause must be our cause too. Because it is not just Negroes, but really it is all of us who must overcome the crippling legacy of bigotry and injustice. And we shall overcome.” The following day Selma demonstrators submitted a detailed march plan to Judge Johnson, who approved the demonstration and prohibited Governor Wallace and local law enforcement from harassing or threatening marchers.
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