Split-second of evolutionary cellular change could have led to mammals, suggests new hypothesis uclnews
). He gave the example of the cooling feathers of dinosaurs becoming the flight feathers of birds over a shorter time than if Darwinian gradualism were applied. These theories remain descriptive without controlled interventional experimental proof.
We would like to propose that, in limited circumstances, biological diversity can occur very rapidly in a single animal that, along with its progeny, can then prosper through natural selection. Importantly, in this Hypothesis article, we also propose experimental approaches that can be undertaken to test the theory.The cytoplasm of the megakaryocyte is penetrated, uniquely among cells, by many invaginations of plasma membrane. These will become the future plasma membranes of platelets. The DMS contains plasma. In transmission electron microscopy, the DMS gives the megakaryocyte cytoplasm a ‘Swiss cheese’ appearance.A variation in the cell cycle where mitosis is initiated, but not completed. This will give rise to either a mononucleated polyploid cell if karyokinesis is impaired, or to a binucleated polyploid cell if cytokinesis is unsuccessful.Epigenetic changes are modifications to DNA that determine whether genes are turned on or off, thus controlling gene activity without changing DNA sequence.A feature of an organism that takes on a function where none previously existed or where it differs from its previous function, which had been evolved. The word was first proposed as a replacement for ‘preadaptation’ in evolutionary theory.This the largest vein in the mammalian body. It sits at the posterior abdominal wall on the right side of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. It carries blood drained from the lower limbs, the pelvis and the abdomen. Its major function is to carry de-oxygenated blood to the heart from where the blood enters the circulation of the lung vessels where the blood is re-oxygenated.Data follow a Gaussian or normal distribution when scatter or dispersion is caused by the sum of many independent and equally weighted factors. An example is the bell-shaped curve of height at a given age and given sex in the human population. When the dispersion is caused by the product of many and independent and equally weighted factors then data follow a log Gaussian or log normal distribution. When plotted on an-axis the curve is skewed to the right with a tail. When the log Gaussian distribution is plotted on a logarithmicThe shape of a rugby football.The condition in which a normally diploid cell or organism acquires one or more additional sets of chromosomes. All mammals have platelets, which are necessary for survival because they arrest bleeding . No other order has platelets, even though the problem of bleeding exists. A solution to the enigma of why only mammals have platelets was recently proposed, linking the origin of the platelet in an egg-laying animal, which initially did not have platelets, to the evolution of the eutherian placenta found in all mammals apart from monotremes and marsupials . In this paper, it was suggested that, without powerful haemostasis, the mammalian mother might die from bleeding when the placenta separates from the uterus, leaving the new-born without a source of nutrition. This problem would not occur in egg-laying animals whose young are immediately independent. Therefore, the origin of platelets in an egg-laying animal, possibly an ancestor of the modern duck billed platypus, a member of the monotreme order, which lays eggs and has platelets (
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