Top quarks and antiquarks produced in the Large Hadron Collider are entangled, a study shows.
Scientists have measured the strange quantum phenomenon of entanglement in top quarks, the heaviest fundamental subatomic particles known. It’s the first detection of entanglement between pairs of quarks — a class of subatomic particles that make up larger particles, including protons and neutrons.
Particles that are entangled have properties that are linked, or correlated with one another, making the two behave as one unit ). Entanglement is commonly studied in relatively small laboratory experiments using particles of light, or photons. In contrast, the new measurement demanded the world’s most powerful particle accelerator, the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, near Geneva. It is the highest energy detection of entanglement ever.
Using data from collisions of protons, scientists with the ATLAS experiment, a particle detector at the Large Hadron Collider, studied smashups that formed a top quark and its antimatter counterpart, a top antiquark. The two particles are entangled via their spin, a quantum property akin to rotational motion. That means the spins of the two particles are linked, such that measuring one spin would immediately tell you the other.
To detect the entanglement, the scientists observed the particles that the top quark and antiquark decayed into. The angles at which those particles were emitted found evidence of top quark entanglementAs quarks go, top quarks are special. Generally, quarks dislike being alone, so when they are cut loose in high-speed collisions, pairs of quarks and antiquarks quickly materialize, glomming together into larger particles. That process, known as hadronization, washes out any entanglement.
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