Thanks to Gaia, Astronomers are Able to Map Out Nebulae in 3D - by spacewriter
2D images showing dust distribution inside the California and Orion A Clouds in false colors. The data have been obtained with the Herschel Space Telescope. Based on work by Lombardi et al. , doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201323293 ; Lada et al , doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201731221 . The two nebulae show a marked difference in their structures, which may explain their differences in star formation.The new 3D reconstructions shown in the video below are by Sara Rezaei Khoshbakht and Jouni Kainulainen .
Orion A in 3D presents a much different view, as seen in this video . It has a very dense filamentary structure and is quite complex. It is much denser than the California Nebula and has thick condensations along a prominent ridge of gas and dust. As we all know, it’s also a busy star-forming region.
This animation shows the California Molecular Cloud in a 3D reconstruction using 160,000 stars as extinction probes with precise distance estimates. The measurements are based on the Gaia EDR3 catalog of stars. The x, y, z axes are given in parsecs with the earth being the zero point. The spatial resolution is 5 parsecs . Courtesy Sara Rezaei Khoshbakht, Jouni Kainulainen, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie.
“Density is the amount of matter compressed into a given volume; it’s one of the crucial properties that determine star-formation efficiency,” said Rezaei Khoshbakht. She also pointed out that some clouds of gas and dust are more efficient star producers than others. Density has a lot to do with that.
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