A study lays out a wide range of options available to cost-effectively eliminate greenhouse gas production from the energy system in the United States by 2050. The findings give policymakers and industry leaders valuable insights on how to chart a path forward to address climate change.
A new study lays out a wide range of options available to cost-effectively eliminate greenhouse gas production from the energy system in the United States by 2050. The findings give policymakers and industry leaders valuable insights on how to chart a path forward to address climate change.
"The problem is that it is difficult for these models to fully capture uncertainty in such a complex system," Sinha says."There are a lot of different technologies that can help us decarbonize, and it's difficult to determine how much flexibility we have in identifying which of these tools can be used to reach an optimal outcome.
"The model then has thousands of decisions to make," Johnson says."How much solar should be built? Should homeowners swap natural gas heat for electric heat pumps? And so on. We ran our modified version of Temoa 1,100 times, each time telling the model to favor -- or disfavor -- any given technology. In part, this reflects the fact that humans make all sorts of decisions that are not driven solely by what makes economic sense, which we wanted to account for.
Category 3 consists of emerging technologies with a wide range of possible outcomes, meaning that some of the model's scenarios found the technologies receiving widespread use, while other scenarios didn't include these technologies at all. These technologies include things like direct air capture -- which pulls carbon dioxide out of the air -- or the use of hydrogen in transportation and industry.
"From a practical standpoint, these findings tell us a few things," says Johnson."First, we need to figure out how to facilitate the more widespread adoption of the technologies in Category 1.
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