The Ministry of the Environment of Japan, the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency are jointly promoting the GOSAT series, a series of Earth observation satellites whose main purpose is to observe greenhouse gases from space; the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) launched in January 2009 and GOSAT-2 launched in October 2018 are currently in operation, and the Global Observing SATellite for Greenhouse gases and Water cycle (GOSAT-GW) is planned to be launched in Japan's FY2024.
Comparison of TCCON data with each satellite dataComparison of monthly mean concentrations in the 10° latitude x 10° longitude area for GOSAT and GOSAT-2
The difference between the mean altitude within the satellite FTS IFOV and the altitude of the TCCON site must be less than 200 meters.2020 example. The “x” and “+” in the figure indicate that less than 10 satellite data are used to calculate the mean concentrations for GOSAT and GOSAT-2, respectively . Credit: National Institute for Environmental StudiesThe center of the FTS IFOV of one satellite must be within ±0.
First, a comparison of TCCON data and each satellite data is presented. All satellite data that met the match-up criteria are land data. Due to differences in satellite operation periods and sensor operation patterns, there are 14 TCCON sites for GOSAT and 13 sites for GOSAT-2 for which more than 20 match-up data are obtained.
These values are slightly smaller than the root sum square of the averaged single measurement precision for both satellites. However, CHover ocean of GOSAT-2 is about 10 ppb lower than that of GOSAT. This may be due to the differences in the treatment of land and ocean data. That is, the treatment of surface reflection in the retrieval analysis and multiple regression analysis for bias correction are different for land and ocean data for GOSAT, whereas they are identical for GOSAT-2.
The standard deviations of the differences in regional monthly mean concentrations calculated from more than 10 satellite data sets for GOSAT and GOSAT-2, respectively, are 1.77 ppm for CO, which are larger than the site-to-site bias evaluated using the TCCON data.
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