How different was the early Universe compared to today? Stars are the Universe's basic building blocks. Did they form differently back then?
The primary difference between stars that formed billions of years ago and stars that form now concerns the material available during the process. Not only the amount of material but also how enriched it is. This is referred to as
The question astronomers want to answer is do stars form differently in a low-metallicity environment, a.k.a. the ancient Universe, versus the modern, metal-rich Universe. To find out, a team of researchers located a star-forming region in the Milky Way exhibiting low metallicity that’s similar to the primitive Universe, compared to the higher metallicity in the contemporary Universe.The research was led by Chikako Yasui, an Assistant Professor at the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.
But how do differing levels of metallicity affect the stars that result from this detailed process? Astrophysicists know a couple of things. Stars seldom form in isolation. Typically, they form in clusters, and in these clusters, the masses of individual stars are similar. Would stars forming in the early low-metallicity Universe maintain this similarity in masses?
Detecting the mass of the stars in S209 down to 0.1 solar masses is obviously important. It means that observations have less room for error, making the study’s results more robust. When coupled together, the IMF and the stellar metallicity help dictate how stars will form in a given cluster. As stars form, they regulate their own mass through self-radiative feedback. The effect of self-radiative feedback is more pronounced in a low-metallicity environment, so these environments should produce more high-mass stars.
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