Researchers observed elevated levels of immune molecules that, in rare cases, could trigger inflammation in the heart.
The study was based on 23 patients ages 13 to 21 who developed myocarditis after their second dose of either the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccine. An analysis of blood samples from nineCytokines help coordinate the body’s immune response to pathogens, including bacteria, viruses and other invading microbes, as well as vaccines. But at too high levels, cytokines can trigger a rapid expansion of white blood cells that are capable of causing inflammation.
“It’s a little bit of a double-edged sword,” said senior study author Carrie Lucas, an associate professor of immunobiology at Yale University School of Medicine. The vaccinated individuals mount a strong immune response, she said, but that response is also causing “cells to overreact and cause tissue inflammation.”
“Our findings point to inflammation-induced heart damage,” said Yale immunologist Akiko Iwasaki, another author on the study, “and rule out elevated levels of anti-spike antibodies in patients.” The research, he said, could provide insight into developing treatments for vaccine-induced myocarditis. There are currently no drugs for the condition, though“The better we understand what the vaccine is doing, the better we can build a better mousetrap,” said Levy, who was not involved in the study.
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