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It is tempting to understand muscle's role in the body as a simple mechanical motor. But the truth is much more complex: our muscles function as an endocrine organ that can influence virtually every system in our bodies.
When a muscle contracts, hundreds of molecules known as myokines – substances essential for the body to function properly – are released. In reality we can go much further, and say that exercise is as necessary for our health as breathing or eating, while a sedentary lifestyle and lack of movement can be classified as a source of illness.
Myokines are hormones that communicate via the bloodstream with various organs, such as the brain, adipose tissue, liver, bone, and the immune system. According to a. While it is released at rest, it is released at levels up to 100 times higher during high-intensity or aerobic endurance exercise. If we are inactive – meaning few exerkines circulate in our bodies – the risk of disease and all-cause mortality increases.
These include irisin, decorin, and the interleukins IL-6, IL-7, and IL-15. Their release during exercise promotes the proliferation and differentiation of our immune cells, enhancing immune surveillance. They also reduce chronic systemic inflammation, a key factor in preventing many metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. IL-6, for example, acts as an anti-inflammatory signal that can regulate the activity of lymphocytes,Evidence shows that molecules such as BDNF, irisin, and cathepsin B can stimulate the formation of new neurons.
They are also linked to improved learning and memory, and are associated with protection against the cognitive decline associated withThis set of chemical signals explains why physically active people have a lower risk of cognitive decline and better emotional health. The brain"listens" to what the muscles are saying when they contract, and responds by adapting and becoming stronger.from adipose tissue, primarily visceral fat .
This promotes fat burning and helps maintain blood glucose levels. It also regulates insulin sensitivity, enabling the muscle to take up glucose more efficiently. This mechanism explains some of the benefits of exercise in preventing Overall, muscle acts as a"metabolic thermostat" that regulates energy expenditure and determines when to mobilize, store, or use energy depending on physical activity.
Although exercise for cardiac patients should be prescribed by a healthcare professional such as a cardiologist or physiotherapist, it canMuscles also interact with the skeleton. Multiple myokines promote bone formation and remodeling by stimulating the activity of osteoblasts andThis is partly explained by the fact that during exercise, myokines are released, which inhibit the spread of cancer cells and reduce DNA damage from potentially malignant cells.
To this we can add exercise's ability to mobilize the immune cells capable of recognizing and destroying tumor cells inEvery single muscle contraction sends signals that regulate the body's internal balance – meaning movement is biologically necessary for our bodily systems to function properly. , Fisioterapeuta. Personal docente e investigador en el grado de Fisioterapia en la Universidad San Jorge. Miembro del grupo de investigación iPhysio.
,, Fisioterapeuta y personal docente investigador en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud en Universidad San Jorge, profesor asociado en la Facultad de Enfermería y Fisioterapia en la Universitat de Lleida. Miembro del grupo de investigación iPhysio,
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