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Mars may be the most Earth-like of the other planets in our Solar System, but it's still an inhospitably cold desert world with a thin and unbreathable atmosphere. If humans are ever going to establish a sizable foothold on the Red Planet, then we would have to transform its environment radically.
"This suggests that the barrier to warming Mars to allow liquid water is not as high as previously thought," said study coauthor Edwin Kite, an associate professor of geophysical sciences at the University of Chicago, in aThe secret to this approach's success lies in iron and aluminum naturally found in Martian dust. Trapped in the dust, the metals are poor absorbers of heat, and actually slightly cool the surface.
Once released, the theory goes, these nanorods would be swept up to Mars' upper atmosphere by winds, where they'd serve as remarkably potent greenhouse agents. Not only do the nanorods let sunlight through, they also reflect warming radiation back down to the Martian surface. In other words, they'd trap heat.
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