Changing the number of chromosomes an animal has can take millions of generations to happen in nature through the course of evolution – and now, scientists have been able to make these same changes in lab mice in a relative blink of an eye.
and gene editing is a major accomplishment, and one that the team is hoping will reveal more about how the rearrangement of chromosomes can influence the way that animals evolve over time.
Unfertilized embryonic stem cells are usually the best starting place for tinkering with DNA. Lacking that additional set of chromosomes provided by a sperm cell, though, deprives the cells of an important step in negotiating which genes in which chromosomes will be marked active to do the job of building a body.
Without those three naturally imprinted regions, lasting chromosome fusion was possible. In their experiments, the researchers fused two medium-sized chromosomes and the two largest chromosomes in two different orientations, resulting in three different arrangements. According to the researchers, the drops in fertility are down to how the chromosomes separate after alignment, which doesn't happen in the normal way.
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