SARS-CoV-2 spike protein downregulates ACE2 expression SARSCoV2 COVID19 ACE2 SpikeProtein
By Tarun Sai LomteJul 11 2022Reviewed by Aimee Molineux In a recent study published in the Journal of Infection, researchers observed the downregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 .
The study and findings The present study investigated the role of ACE2 in the cardiovascular pathology of COVID-19. ACE2 expression declines substantially after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the authors confirmed this by infecting Vero E6 cells and human ACE2 -expressing HeLa cells. Twenty-six SARS-CoV-2 proteins were transfected in hACE2-HeLa cells to identify proteins that reduced ACE2 levels.
Related StoriesNext, hACE2-HeLa cells were infected with live SARS-CoV-2 and observed for protein levels two hours and 24 hours after infection. At 2h, ACE2 levels were unaffected but reduced significantly by 24h. This implied that internalized virion significantly downregulated ACE2 expression. Lastly, they assessed if RAS was dysregulated in COVID-19 patients. Serum samples from 30 patients and 11 healthy controls were obtained. Ang II levels were significantly elevated in the sera of COVID-19 patients than in healthy controls. Treatment of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells with high levels of Ang II resulted in cell death. Ang II type 1 receptor expression was induced upon treatment of Ang II in HPAEC.
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