Rough estimates of Zama Zama outputs suggest that lost gold production exceeds R14bn a year, making South Africa one of the biggest sources of illicit gold in Africa. But the illegal trade can be diverted to legal artisanal mining, says a report by think tank Enact Africa, which has come up with a plan.
Tanzania-based Martin notes:"South Africa’s problem with Zama Zamas is unlike anything seen anywhere in Africa or beyond. The artisanal mining is principally carried out underground in industrial shafts, not in open pits, as is normally the case.
In addition, the cost of illegal mining activity includes damage to public and private infrastructure caused by vandalism or poor mining practices, as well as the costs of security upgrades undertaken by mining companies to address illegal breaches. • Artisanal and small-scale mining could be permitted within an industrial concession, he says, with set parameters such as where the miners mine, what techniques they can use, to whom they may sell the gold and when they must vacate the property.
•Legislative amendments should also tighten the licensing requirements for scrap-metal dealers and gold-export permit holders.
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