Review highlights the effectiveness of diet-based low-density lipoprotein lowering over medication Diet Lipoprotein LDL HDL hypercholesterolemia dietary cholesterol Nutrients_MDPI BakerResOAR UWAresearch
Study: A Review of Low-Density Lipoprotein-Lowering Diets in the Age of Anti-Sense Technology. Image Credit: Ralwell / Shutterstock
Two cost-effective LDLc-lowering drugs, statins, and ezetimibe, are also available for clinical use. They are a strong competitor or alternative to strict dieting because they lower LDLc by ~20%. Another treatment option is proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 -inhibiting mAbs. Clinical studies have shown these mAbs lower LDLc by up to 60%, thereby reducing cardiovascular risk in a dose-dependent manner.
Studies evaluating the effect of diet on LDLc Ancel Keys and Mark Hegsted, in the 1950s and 1960s, quantified changes in total cholesterol levels in response to dietary changes. Their equations demonstrated that saturated fats increase total and LDLc twice as much as polyunsaturated fats lower them. They also determined that monounsaturated fatty acids have a no-to-minimal effect on serum cholesterol in humans.
Regarding reducing dietary cholesterol intake, the researchers found that reductions in LDLc were moderate when people reduced dietary intake of its identifiable sources, such as eggs. Yet, it did not work as much as substituting saturated fatty acids with PUFA. Accordingly, randomized controlled trials applying nonlinear models have shown that lowering cholesterol by 100 mg lowers LDLc by 4.5 mg/dL.
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