Researchers optically evoke tachycardia enhanced anxiety-like behaviour Anxiety Cardiology tachycardia optogenetic pacemaker nature Stanford
By Pooja Toshniwal PahariaMar 6 2023Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent study published in the journal Nature, researchers devised a non-invasive optogenetic and wearable cardiac pacemaker for accurate and specific control of cardiac rhythm for ≤900 beats per minute , enabled by micro-light-emitting display harness and systemic channelrhodopsin delivery.
About the study In the present study, researchers devised a pacemaker for non-invasive optogenetic control of particular heart rhythms during active-type behavior. Real-time place-preference assays were performed to assess the aversive or appetitive influence of optogenetic cardiac pacing, and elevated plus maze assays were performed to assess anxiety-associated behavior. Further, the team investigated if the context-based increase in anxiety-associated behavior would be observed during classical operant tasks using modified Vogel conflict tasks.
Results Optically induced intermittent ventricular tachycardia potently increased anxiety-associated behavior, crucially in risky-type contexts only, indicative of brain and body involvement in emotional development. The posteriorly located insular cortical region was identified as a probable regulator of bottoms-up heart interoceptive-type processing, the optogenetic blockade of which suppressed anxiety-associated behavior initially induced by optogenetic cardiovascular pacing.
Optical pacing increased Fos messenger ribonucleic acid levels in the pIC and the brainstem, especially in the nucleus tractus solitarius sensory neurons and noradrenergic neuronal cells of the locus coeruleus, associated with stress and arousal. Optogenetic pacing activated the pIC, the blockade of which, alone, was inadequate in inducing anxiolysis. Intermittent cardiac stimulation at 660.
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